TOKYO: Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim has cautioned that artificial intelligence (AI) could evolve into a new form of digital colonialism if its development and governance remain concentrated in the hands of a small number of powerful actors.
Speaking at the 31st Nikkei Forum on the Future of Asia, Anwar said AI represents one of the most transformative technologies of the modern era, offering enormous opportunities while simultaneously presenting significant risks.
According to him, AI has the potential to boost productivity, accelerate innovation and unlock new pathways for economic and social development.
However, he warned that the technology could also deepen global inequalities if access, control and decision-making authority become concentrated among a limited group of countries or corporations.
“AI embodies both the promise and the dangers of this new era. It can transform industries, improve efficiency and create new opportunities for development.
“But it can also widen inequalities, centralise power and leave many societies struggling to keep pace with rapid technological change,” he said.
Anwar stressed that the future direction of AI should not be dictated solely by major technology companies or advanced economies that currently dominate the sector.
Instead, he argued that developing countries must be given a meaningful role in shaping the regulatory frameworks, ethical standards and governance structures that will determine how AI affects billions of people worldwide.
The Prime Minister said global discussions on AI governance must be inclusive and reflect the interests of all nations rather than a select group of stakeholders.
He warned against allowing technological progress to become a vehicle for new forms of domination or control, describing such a scenario as a modern manifestation of digital colonialism.
According to Anwar, the world must reject any form of “technological fascism” that undermines fairness, inclusivity and equal participation in the digital economy.
He noted that throughout history, technological advantages have often been used to consolidate power and influence, and cautioned that similar patterns could emerge in the AI era if appropriate safeguards are not established.
Anwar also emphasised that AI-related challenges cannot be addressed by individual countries acting alone.
He said effective governance will require international cooperation, mutual trust and strong institutions capable of balancing innovation with accountability and social responsibility.
The Prime Minister further highlighted the importance of strengthening collaboration between Malaysia and Japan in areas such as digital transformation, artificial intelligence and advanced technology development.
Such partnerships, he said, are essential to ensuring that technological advancement remains people-centred, inclusive and capable of delivering benefits across all segments of society rather than serving only a privileged few.
